My son is two. This stage in his development is great fun. He is learning new words at an increasing rate each day, showing interests, dislikes and parts of his personality that we have not seen up to this point. Every part of his development has been a thing of joy to me , from his conception until now. The subject of abortion is so significant to me because I find human development in the first nine months the most fascinating. It’s a miracle that we take for granted. Of course, if you have tried and waited for a long time for a baby, you probably have grasped the miraculous nature of having a baby, but do many of really know or think about the period of time before the missed period? Most women feel their babies move around 16 to 20 weeks. This is referred to as ‘quickening’. Up to that point, we rely on other things, like nausea or hunger or a missed period, to tell us that a tiny, little human being really is living inside our bodies. By the time we feel that little bundle of joy move, however, most of the significant development has finished and the baby is starting to fine tune all of its systems and grow. By that time, the baby’s senses are mostly in place and he or she is experiencing the environment in and out of it’s uterine crib. At birth, they are able to see, hear and recognize often heard voices and sounds and are familiar with smells and tastes he or she experienced in the womb. I have discussed in previous posts the development of a baby starting in the first month, but I want to go back a little further to show the really miraculous part of the whole process. The most fascinating part in my opinion. I did my research before writing this so I could be accurate and have accountability. The book I chose was, ‘Beginning Life’ by Geraldine Lux Flanagan (fantastic book for all ages, by the way!)
In the beginning… If you have taken a biology course at any time, you have probably studied some embryology and know at least the basics of conception. This is a refresher course and a fresh look. If you haven’t studied it, be prepared to be amazed. It all starts with an egg, the largest cell in the human body though it is no larger than the period at the end of this sentence.. Although it did not come first, it is the female’s contribution to a brand new human being. It contains half of the mother’s DNA, nutrients and has a protective, yet soft outer shell. The DNA inside the egg is half of the mother’s own genetic material. DNA is the blueprint for each individual. It makes each person generally human and distinctly a part of that person’s family. However, each egg contains a different variation on the mother’s DNA. No two are exactly alike. 23 Chromosomes with innumerable genes located on them are waiting inside the egg to be matched with 23 chromosomes from the father, in the sperm. Now, the sperm is the smallest cell in the body. It has nothing much to it but genetic material, enzymes to forge its way through the egg, should it make the journey and a tail to propel it to its destination. Once the egg is available, it alerts the sperm with chemical signals that excite the sperm into action. Think of a dog greeting its owner after a long day apart. The sperm are visibly excited and rush to the egg. They shed their outer coating exposing an enzyme that will dissolve a hole in the egg if they are in just the right spot. The sperm attach to the egg and go to work. Once one is in, the egg closes off to all others and the magic begins. It really is a magical, miraculous occurrence. In Psalm 139, David understands how amazing this process is when he says, ‘For You formed my inward parts; You covered me in my mother's womb. I will praise You, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made; Marvelous are Your works, And that my soul knows very well. My frame was not hidden from You, When I was made in secret, And skillfully wrought in the lowest parts of the earth. Your eyes saw my substance, being yet unformed. And in Your book they all were written, The days fashioned for me, When as yet there were none of them.’ We are skillfully and wonderfully made. At the moment of conception, the egg goes from dormant to active. The metabolism and oxygen intake increase and it gets to work. I mentioned DNA earlier. The DNA from both parents are joined in conception and it would seem that each child should be close to the same, but it’s not the case. We all have 46 chromosomes - 23 pairs, one each from our parents. One pair of chromosomes is responsible for our sex and all that goes with it and the rest are the blueprints for the rest of what makes us who we are. Quick genetics lesson - there are one of four possibilities of expression for each pair of genes from the parents. 4 expressions by 92 chromosomes (DNA separates differently in each egg and sperm cell, so each chromosome from each parent must be counted) gives the minimal possibility of around 400 different individuals from a single couple. There is not, however, one characteristic per chromosome pair. There are hundred of thousands of different genes among the 23 pairs. My point is this, each individual is unique, never to be repeated. Each human conceived is not like anyone who has ever been or like anyone who will ever be.
Embryo at 4 weeks after last period
Lennart Nilsson 'A Child is Born'
So back to the fertilized egg. After conception, the DNA of the sperm and egg join and the egg divides into 2 cells. It continues to divide and be swept through the fallopian tube to the uterus. The cells are still contained within the shell of the egg, so the size doesn’t change as it moves to the place it will settle. Within 24 hours, the egg releases hcG (the hormone detected in a home pregnancy test) into the mother’s bloodstream suppressing the menstrual cycle and preparing the mother to be a mother. In 3 to 4 days, the egg reaches the uterus and floats around for 2 to 3 more days, increasing the number of cells (which at this point are identical in function), until it finds a perfect spot to nest - in close proximity to the mother’s blood vessels in the upper part of the uterus. As it prepares to attach to the uterus, the cells begin to differentiate and divide into two layers - one will become to the support system for the baby and one is the baby. The cells then burst out of the shell and attach to the lining of the uterus. This happens 7 days after fertilization, usually 21-24 days after the first day of a woman’s last period. It is important to note that this new being should be rejected and attacked by the mother’s immune system, but it is not. It is equipped with a chemical signal that allows it acceptance by the mother’s body. The mother’s body encapsulates the embryo, which forms villi or roots into the lining of the uterus to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, water and oxygen. Inside this protective lining during the second week after fertilization, the cells again differentiate into three layers. The outer will be the brain, the spinal cord, nerves and skin. The middle layer will be the digestive system, liver and pancreas and the inner will be the heart, blood vessels, muscles and skin. 2 weeks later, a little heart is pumping blood through tiny blood vessels and the brain shows specifically human specialization. By the end of the first month, the baby is 10,000 times larger than the original egg! By the earliest point that a woman finds out she is pregnant, the baby already has a heart, a brain and a spinal column.
It blows me away that in just 9 months a baby develops from a tiny pencil-dot sized cell into a newborn baby. The author of the book says this, ‘The wonder of it is that these myriad cells organized themselves into a human body with the beginnings of all its exquisitely specialized components, all in their right places and some already practicing their functions.’ It is estimated that in nine months, the two beginning cells become between 1 to 5 TRILLION by the time a baby is born. The wonder is that God created each of us in this miraculous process. Just like he created Adam to be unique and breathed life and His spirit into him, He does the same for us. Each person is a unique creation that has never and will never exist again. 